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Depending on their exact position, bathroom lighting absolutely must have certain IP protection ratings. Otherwise, there is a high risk of electric shock, especially in the direct vicinity of water connections! The DIN 57100/VDE 100 Part 701 standard specifies precisely which zones exist in bathrooms and what requirements the electrical installation in bathrooms needs to meet.
All bathroom luminaires installed here need to have at least IP protection X7, i.e. they need to be protected against temporary submersion. Even if they are completely submerged in water, no moisture can penetrate, otherwise, it could cause electricity to leak out and cause life-threatening injuries. Another restriction is that all lamps may only run on protective extra-low voltage < 12 volts (AC, alternating current (standard)) or < 30 volts (DC, direct current).
No transformers to reduce the operating voltage may be fitted within Zone 0 or 1!
In the 120 cm area around the shower head in the rest position or in the partitioned area of the shower cubicle, all bathroom lighting must be protected against water jets, i.e. have at least IP X5 protection. This also applies to all lights mounted up to 2.25 metres above the shower tray or bathtub (measured from the floor). The maximum operating voltage for alternating current is 25 volts (DC: 60 volts); this limitation does not apply to water heaters, whirlpools and waste water pumps or exhaust air units. Electrical supply lines must be 6 cm deep and may only run vertically.
This zone includes everything up to 60 cm from the shower or bath (in the case of showers without a limit, it basically coincides with protection zone 1) and up to 225 cm high. Washing machines and dryers with IP X4 (water splash protection) are permitted in this area. All lighting must also be protected against splashing water; if the shower has a massage nozzle, the required degree of protection increases to IP X5!
No sockets or light switches may be fitted in protection areas 0-2. Electrical cables must be sheathed!
There are also restrictions for the area with a 240 cm radius around the protected area: The luminaires outside the 60-cm area around water connections are adequately protected against dripping water with IP protection class X1. Sockets and light switches may be installed if they are supplied with power by separate isolating transformers or with protective extra-low voltage below 12 V and have a residual current device.
